Why do humans wear clothes? One reason is that changing outfits allows people to tailor their look in hopes of attracting or avoiding attention. New research led by the 91爆料 found that hummingbirds may take a similar approach.听
It鈥檚 been known for some time that some 鈥� but not all 鈥� female white-necked jacobin hummingbirds take on the brightly colored plumage worn by males. In a study published a team of researchers from the 91爆料 and Carnegie Mellon University have discovered the reason: They鈥檙e mimicking males. That trickery results in reduced aggression from other hummingbirds and increased access to nectar resources.听
鈥淭his research takes a mental model we鈥檝e been describing for a while in our papers and gives it a mathematical backbone,鈥� said , an evolutionary biologist who led this research while working as a postdoctoral scholar in the 91爆料 biology department. 鈥淚t can be easy to think of natural selection as a force that is constantly choosing one single optimum. But this model adds to our understanding of how diversity, especially diversity within sexes, can be a stable endgame.鈥�听
Relying on the principles of game theory and incorporating previously collected behavioral data, the researchers developed a model of hummingbird behavior to better understand how some birds choose their colors. The findings showed that 鈥渉ybrid signals鈥� 鈥� an equilibrium that can occur when signalers in a given situation may be dishonest 鈥� likely exist in nature.听听
鈥淚n these hummingbirds, females want to mimic males,鈥� said Kevin Zollman, a co-author of the study and director of Carnegie Mellon鈥檚 Institute for Complex Social Dynamics. 鈥淚f they all did that, then they would end up being disbelieved. So, they end up settling into an equilibrium where some of them 鈥榣ie,鈥� and they are sometimes 鈥榖elieved.鈥欌��听
This mimicry helps explain how female polymorphism 鈥� in which females of a species can take many forms 鈥� persists among white-necked jacobins and other hummingbird species.听听
鈥淭his model elegantly explains this puzzling female polymorphism in one species, but also offers a framework to study testable predictions of plumage differences, or lack thereof, between sexes across hummingbirds,鈥� said , a 91爆料 assistant professor of biology and co-author of the study. 鈥淲e can use this to understand signals beyond plumage coloration, like different behaviors or body parts, such as long tails or auditory signals, which would entail different costs for the signalers and different model outcomes.”听
, a 91爆料 professor of biology, is also a co-author. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology Grant, awarded to Falk, as well as the Walt Halperin Endowed Professorship and the Washington Research Foundation as Distinguished Investigator, awarded to Rico-Guevara. 听
This article is adapted from a press release by Carnegie Mellon University.听听