The 91爆料 is proud to announce that 56 faculty and researchers who completed their work while at 91爆料 have been named on the list from Clarivate.

The annual list identifies researchers who demonstrated significant influence in their chosen field or fields through the publication of multiple highly cited papers during the last decade. Their names are drawn from the publications that rank in the top 1% by citations for field and publication year in the .

Highly Cited Researchers demonstrate significant and broad influence in their fields of research. The total list includes 7,131 awards from more than 1,300 institutions in 60 countries and regions. This small fraction of the global researcher population contributes disproportionately to extending the frontiers of knowledge and contributing to innovations that make the world healthier, more sustainable and which drive societal impact, according to Clarivate.

The that determines the 鈥渨ho鈥檚 who鈥� of influential researchers is drawn from data and analysis performed by bibliometric experts and data scientists at the Institute for Scientific Information at Clarivate.

The list below includes faculty and researchers whose primary affiliation is with the 91爆料, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.

Please note: Some of the people on the list are no longer with the 91爆料 and their current affiliation is noted. This list reflects initial data from Clarivate and may be updated.

Ivan Anishchenko (Vilya)

David Baker

William A. Banks

Gregory N. Bratman

Steven L. Brunton

Guozhong Cao

Ting Cao

Lauren Carter (Gates Medical Research Institute)

Helen Chu

David H. Cobden

Katharine H. D. Crawford

Riza M. Daza

Frank DiMaio

Kristie L. Ebi

Evan E. Eichler

Emmanuela Gakidou

David Ginger

Raphael Gottardo (CHUV)

Alexander L. Greninger

Simon I. Hay

Andrew Hill (Infinimmune)

Eric Huang

Michael C. Jensen (BrainChild)

Neil P.听 King

C. Dirk Keene

J. Nathan Kutz

Eric H. Larson

Aaron Lyon

Michael J. MacCoss

Brendan MacLean

C. M. Marcus

Julian D. Marshall

Ali Mokdad

Thomas J. Montine (Stanford)

Mohsen Naghavi

Marian L. Neuhouser

Julian D. Olden

Robert W. Palmatier

David Pigott

Hannah A. Pliner (Bristol Myers Squibb)

Ganesh Raghu

Stanley Riddell

Andrea Schietinger (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)

Jay Shendure

M. Alejandra Tortorici

Troy R. Torgerson (Allen Institute)

Cole Trapnell

Katherine R. Tuttle

David Veesler

Theo Vos

Alexandra C. Walls (BioNTech SE)

Bryan J. Weiner

Di Xiao

Jie Xiao

Xiaodong Xu

Jihui Yang

Three current 91爆料 scientists were among the authors of the assessment, which summarizes climate change that has already occurred, and that is projected in coming decades. This fifth edition includes two new chapters, on economics and on social systems and justice.

, a professor of global health and of environmental and occupational health sciences, was an author on the chapter on . Ebi also co-authored the human health chapter of the fourth assessment, released in 2019, and was a contributing author to the same chapter in

“It is indisputable that climate change is harming human health and well-being, from exposure to extreme weather and climate events, changes in the geographic range and seasonality of infectious diseases, alterations in air quality, reductions in food- and water-security, and impacts on mental wellness,” Ebi said. “Historically marginalized and under-resourced communities face greater harms and exacerbations of health inequities. Future health risks could be reduced, but not eliminated, by strengthening health systems, implementing effective adaptation measures, and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.”

Dr. , a professor of environmental and occupational health sciences, of global health and of emergency medicine, was an author on the chapter. Hess was previously a lead author of the human health chapter in the third assessment.

“We have ample evidence that climate change is worsening air pollution 鈥� in part due to increasing wildfire smoke and pollen levels 鈥� and there are clear and worsening impacts on human health,” Hess said. “These impacts are felt most acutely in low-income communities and communities of color. But we also know that smart policies and coordinated action can simultaneously reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality, and improve health for all, particularly the most impacted.”

, a research scientist at the Climate Impacts Group, was a co-author of the . She also contributed to a cross-cutting section , a new feature that centralizes critical information on key trends.

鈥淭he Fifth National Climate Assessment includes more information on response actions and emphasizes action at the state and local levels,鈥� Raymond said. Since 2018, Raymond said, adaptation plans and actions at the city and state level have increased by about a third across the U.S.

Raymond also highlighted the increased focus on engagement in the assessment process, and special steps that have been taken to increase the accessibility of the assessment to wider audiences.

鈥淭he process included more opportunities for public engagement, and the fifth assessment includes some great new communication features 鈥� Spanish translation, a six-episode podcast series, 92 art pieces featured throughout the assessment and forthcoming regional webinars and workshops,鈥� Raymond said.

also co-authored the Northwest chapter while she was affiliated with the 91爆料 Climate Impacts Group. Asinas is now at the Urban Ocean Project in Brooklyn, New York.

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For more information, contact Ebi at krisebi@uw.edu, Hess at jjhess@uw.edu and Raymond at clrfire@uw.edu.

The American Geophysical Union Sept. 13 that five 91爆料 faculty members have been elected as new fellows, representing the departments of astronomy, Earth and space sciences, oceanography, global health, and environmental and occupational health sciences.

The Fellows program recognizes AGU members who have made exceptional contributions to Earth and space sciences through a breakthrough, discovery or innovation in their field. The five 91爆料 honorees are among 54 people from around the world in the 2023 Class of Fellows. AGU, the world’s largest Earth and space sciences association, annually recognizes a select number of individuals nominated by their peers for its highest honors. Since 1962, the AGU Union Fellows Committee has selected less than 0.1% of members as new fellows.

Also honored by AGU this year are three 91爆料 faculty members, from the departments of Earth and space sciences and atmospheric sciences, who have received other awards.

Here are the 鲍奥鈥檚 five new AGU Fellows:

, professor of Earth and space sciences, studies which characteristics of Earth help this planet support life, and whether life might be found on other planets. His work spans astronomy, biology and geology, on planetary environments including Earth, Mars, Venus and icy moons, as well as planets outside this solar system. He is the author of 鈥淎strobiology: A Very Short Introduction鈥� for the layperson and 鈥淎tmospheric Evolution on Inhabited and Lifeless Worlds鈥� for researchers.

, who holds the Karl M. Banse Endowed Professorship in oceanography, explores the limits and ecological contributions of microbial life in deep ocean and polar regions, focusing in recent years on how microbes adapt to the extreme conditions of Arctic sea ice. In addition to a research and teaching career, Deming founded what is now the 91爆料 Center for Environmental Genomics and helped establish the nation鈥檚 first graduate training program in astrobiology.

, professor of global health and of environmental and occupational health sciences, has been conducting research on the health risks of climate variability and change for nearly 30 years. She focuses on estimating current and future health risks of climate change, designing adaptation policies and measures to reduce risks in multi-stressor environments, and estimating the health co-benefits of mitigation policies. Ebi is also founding director of the 91爆料 , or CHanGE.

, professor of astronomy, is an astrobiologist and planetary astronomer whose research focuses on听predicting, acquiring and analyzing observations of planetary atmospheres and surfaces. In addition to studying planets within our solar system, she is interested in exoplanets 鈥� those outside the solar system 鈥� and听how they might reveal the presence of life. With the 鲍奥鈥檚 Virtual Planetary Laboratory, she uses models of planets and planet-star interactions to generate plausible planetary environments and spectra for extrasolar terrestrial planets and the early Earth.

, professor and chair of Earth and space sciences, is a geochemist and glaciologist whose research focuses on polar climate and ice sheets in the Arctic and in Antarctica. He is best known for his analyses of Antarctic ice cores using measurements of oxygen and hydrogen in the ice to better understand how climate has varied in the past, over hundreds to thousands of years.

In addition to the newly elected fellows, 91爆料 faculty members are also recognized in several subject-specific awards and lectures:

, professor of atmospheric sciences, will deliver the in December at the AGU鈥檚 fall meeting. Alexander studies the relationship between climate change and the chemical composition of the atmosphere. She looks at the pathways by which atmospheric pollutants form, how those chemical pathways can vary, and what that means both for present-day air quality and for the future of climate change.

, research assistant professor of Earth and space sciences, has received the for his research modeling natural disasters using geodesy, or the shape of the Earth鈥檚 surface, and seismology. Crowell pioneered ways to use GPS and related data in earthquake and tsunami early warning systems. He is currently using this data to better understand natural disasters as they unfold and develop a risk-mitigation framework for coastal hazards such as tsunamis.

, research assistant professor of Earth and space sciences, has received the . Journaux uses modeling and experiments to explore the conditions in extreme environments on other planets, and how that might affect their ability to harbor life. He is a member of the science team for NASA鈥檚 upcoming Dragonfly mission, which will characterize the chemistry and habitability of Saturn鈥檚 largest moon, Titan.

, a researcher at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory with an affiliate 91爆料 faculty position in oceanography, has received the .

All honorees will be recognized in December at the AGU鈥檚 fall meeting in San Francisco.

Two 91爆料 experts in climate change and health are lead authors of the latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The new report titled , published Monday morning, details in over three thousand pages a 鈥渄ire warning鈥� about the consequences of inaction on reducing the emissions that are causing our planet to warm and on implementing interventions to prepare for and effectively manage the dangerous impacts of climate change already occurring.

鈥淭his report is a dire warning about the consequences of inaction,鈥� said Hoesung Lee, chair of the IPCC, in a . 鈥淚t shows that climate change is a grave and mounting threat to our wellbeing and a healthy planet. Our actions today will shape how people adapt and nature responds to increasing climate risks.鈥�

鲍奥鈥檚 , professor of global health and environmental and occupational health sciences in the School of Public Health, and Dr. , professor of emergency medicine at 91爆料 School of Medicine and of environmental and occupational health sciences and of global health in the School of Public Health, are lead authors on . Ebi is also a contributing author on the IPCC鈥檚 .

Below, the 91爆料 professors discuss these threats and the critical necessity of addressing them.

Professor Ebi鈥檚 comments:

People are suffering and dying right now from climate change, with the risks projected to increase without urgent and immediate investments in health systems to protect and promote population health. The people and nature we care about in our lives are being affected, with more severe impacts occurring sooner than projected just a few years ago.

The magnitude and pattern of future climate change impacts will depend on choices made in other sectors, such as urbanization plans, efforts to manage growing wildfire risks, and modifications to water systems to account for changing rainfall patterns, and on significant and urgent investments in our health systems.

There鈥檚 a long list of effective adaption options that can increase the resilience of our health systems and our health care infrastructure, as well as strengthen the capacity of communities to be better prepared to manage changing weather patterns. The major constraint for health is the insignificant investment in this area; catch-up investments are needed that at least keep pace with climate change.

Nearly all mitigation options have benefits for health. Benefits for our health arise from reducing exposure to harmful air pollutants from emissions from point sources like coal-fired power plants, reducing transportation that relies on internal combustion engines and increasing walking and biking, and changing dietary patterns to eat healthier diets.

The economic value of avoided hospitalizations and avoided premature deaths is of the same order of magnitude if not larger than the cost of implementing these mitigation policies. These policies will benefit the health of our families, friends and colleagues, with lower healthcare costs.

We can鈥檛 stop the next heat wave, but people don鈥檛 need to die. Not facing up to the risks just puts us in a much worse situation.

The future is in our hands. We may not be able to prevent flooding events or heat waves, but we can be prepared. The choices we make going forward will determine all of our futures.

Dr. Hess鈥� comments:

The chapter on health, well-being and the changing structure of communities is unprecedented in the breadth and depth of its assessment. And its findings are clear: Climate change is already posing significant and widespread burdens on health, through warming temperatures, extreme heat events, changing precipitation patterns and relative humidity, more frequent and severe storms, and wildfires.

More than half of the disease burden in the world is climate sensitive, and a wide range of diseases, from vector-borne and zoonotic infections, water- and food-borne diseases, injuries and a host of chronic noncommunicable diseases, are all affected.

The report highlights the clear risks to mental health, as well.

Estimates of future risks to health depend heavily on future greenhouse gas emissions, trends in socioeconomic development, rates of population increase, and patterns of aging and urbanization. Under high emissions scenarios, risks associated with heat, undernutrition, diarrheal diseases, and select vector-borne diseases will increase.

The report clearly highlights an overarching need for coordinated climate change adaptation across all sectors, including health, with emphasis on addressing social inequities and other underlying factors that drive vulnerability to climate change impacts.

In the health sector, this means investing in the climate resilience of health systems, increasing universal access to basic health care, developing heat action plans and other early warning systems, supporting efforts to reduce heat risk on the population level, enhancing surveillance for climate-sensitive conditions, controlling disease vectors and developing vaccines for vector-borne diseases, and reducing emissions from health care delivery.

Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions yield substantial health dividends that, in most cases, pay for the mitigation efforts themselves.

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Ebi is the founding director and Hess is the director of the 鲍奥鈥檚 . Contributing 91爆料 authors for Chapter 7 of the IPCC report are , associate professor of environmental and occupational health sciences, and , assistant teaching professor of environmental and occupational health sciences, in the 91爆料 School of Public Health. Also,听, associate professor of environmental and occupational health sciences in the 91爆料 School of Public Health, was a contributing author to of the full report.

Outdoor workers in the world鈥檚 lower-latitude tropical forests may face a greater risk of heat-related deaths and unsafe working conditions because of deforestation and climate warming, according to a led by The Nature Conservancy, the 91爆料 and Indonesia鈥檚 Mulawarman University.

In the study, researchers found that increased temperatures of 0.95 C (1.7 F) in the deforested areas of Berau Regency, Indonesia, between 2002 and 2018 were linked to roughly 118 additional deaths in 2018, and 20 additional minutes of daily conditions too hot for humans to work in safely. Future climate warming of 2 C (3.6 F) above 2018鈥檚 levels could increase deaths in Berau by 20% (approximately 282 additional annual deaths) and another five unsafe work hours per day 鈥� even without greater deforestation.

鈥淎mbient heat exposure and internal body heat from heavy physical work can increase the risk of heat-related illnesses, including heat exhaustion and heat stroke 鈥� which can be fatal 鈥� as well as acute kidney injury and traumatic injuries,鈥� said听 co-author , associate professor and assistant chair of environmental and occupational health sciences in the 91爆料 School of Public Health.

Researchers point out that the increase in heat-related deaths with a 2 C rise in global temperatures would be comparable to mortality from other long-term public health challenges in Asia, such as tobacco smoking. In addition, they write, 鈥渨orkers in Berau are already adapting to hotter temperatures due to deforestation, suggesting those engaged in outdoor work may already be approaching their adaptive capacity through behavioral adaptations.鈥�

The study in Lancet Planetary Health used publicly available and secondary data such as satellite monitoring of forest cover, temperatures, climate models, population densities, and the report published annually in The Lancet by the 91爆料 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Researchers focused on Berau as an area emblematic of tropical forest regions facing rapid deforestation.

鈥淎pproximately 800 million people live and work in the world鈥檚 tropical forest nations,鈥� Spector said. 鈥淭hese forests can act as natural air conditioners and sequester carbon, thus having implications for both climate change adaptation and mitigation. Information from this modeling study should be considered in discussions about trade-offs between economic welfare, human health, the natural environment and decisions about climate change adaptation and mitigation.鈥�

Other 91爆料 authors of the study are , graduate student, and , professor and Tamaki Endowed Chair, in the Department of Atmospheric Science; and , professor of global health and environmental and occupational health sciences in the School of Public Health. For complete list of authors and more about the study see The Nature Conservancy鈥檚 .

The study was supported by a pilot research grant from the 91爆料 Population Health Initiative.

In a new series on increasingly common extreme heat waves and their impact on human health , a 91爆料 climate change and health expert joined more than a dozen international experts to warn that听we better prepare.

鈥淭he preventable heat stress and deaths during this summer’s heat waves highlight the importance of developing a regional heat action plan. A heat wave early warning and response plan that includes all relevant services, developed and implemented in collaboration with particularly vulnerable communities, can reduce future illnesses and deaths. Longer-term planning for our cities needs to explicitly incorporate a warmer future with more frequent and intense heat waves. A regional heat action plan should be part of a larger plan to prepare for other climate-related hazards, including wildfires, flooding and drought,鈥� said series co-lead author professor of global health and of environmental and occupational health sciences at the 91爆料.

Ebi, who is the founding director of the 鲍奥鈥檚听, and other authors of The Lancet series will discuss their findings and recommendations for public health practice and public policies

鈥淭wo strategic approaches are needed to combat extreme heat. One is climate change mitigation to reduce carbon emissions and alter the further warming of the planet. The other is identifying timely and effective prevention and response measures, particularly for low-resource settings. With more than half of the global population projected to be exposed to weeks of dangerous heat every year by the end of this century, we need to find ways to cool people effectively and sustainably,鈥� Ebi said in

The series鈥� two main articles 鈥� co-led by Ebi and Professor Ollie Jay of the University of Sydney, Australia 鈥� cover the and by using personal cooling strategies and changing cities and their built environments.

鈥淚t is critical that the personal cooling strategies we recommend in heat-health action plans are based on scientific evidence. After all, having a plan is not enough; it must be the right plan,鈥� Jay told The Lancet. 鈥淭oo many strategies that are recommended in some existing heat-health action plans seem to be based on conventional wisdom. For example, it is commonly recommended that sugary drinks and high protein meals are avoided, and that fans should not be used, yet studies demonstrate the cooling effectiveness of fans at higher temperatures and other strategies such as self-dousing with water or wearing wet clothing. Early warning systems for extreme heat events, including evidence-based measures to protect vulnerable populations and raising awareness of the health risks posed by heat, will be central to limiting ill health and deaths from heat events, today and in the future.鈥�

In a related (IHME), more than 356,000 deaths were related to heat in 2019, and more deaths are expected as temperatures continue to rise worldwide, the journal .

鈥淲here people live has a major bearing on their risk of exposure to extreme heat and cold. In most regions, cold temperatures have a greater impact on health; however, our analysis finds that the harmful effects of extreme heat can far exceed those caused by cold in places where it is already hot, such as Southern Asia, the Middle East and many parts of Africa. This is very concerning, particularly given that the risk of exposure to high temperatures appears to have been increasing steadily for decades,鈥� , assistant professor of Health Metrics Sciences at IHME, told The Lancet.

Twenty scientists and engineers at the 91爆料 are among the 38 new members elected to the Washington State Academy of Sciences for 2021, according to a July 15 . New members were chosen for 鈥渢heir outstanding record of scientific and technical achievement, and their willingness to work on behalf of the Academy to bring the best available science to bear on issues within the state of Washington.鈥�

Current academy members selected 29 of the new members. An additional nine were elected by virtue of joining one of the National Academies.

New 91爆料 members who were elected by current academy members are:

• , professor and Port of Tacoma Chair in Environmental Science at 91爆料 Tacoma, director of the and science director of the , 鈥渇or foundational work on the environmental fate, behavior and toxicity of PCBs.鈥�
• , professor of psychology, 鈥渇or contributions in research on racial and gender inequality that has influenced practices in education, government, and business鈥� and 鈥渇or shifting the explanation for inequality away from individual deficiencies and examining how societal stereotypes and structures cause inequalities.鈥�
• , professor of chemistry and member faculty at the , 鈥渇or leadership in the innovative synthesis and chemical modification of nanoscale materials for application in light emission and catalysis.鈥�
• , professor of global health and of environmental and occupational health sciences, and founding director of the , 鈥渇or work on the health impacts of climate change, on climate impact forecasting, on adaptation to climate change and on climate policy to protect health.鈥�
• , professor of environmental and forest sciences and dean emeritus of the College of the Environment, 鈥渇or foundational studies of regional paleoenvironmental history and sustained excellence in academic leadership to catalyze and sustain transformative research and educational initiatives.鈥� Graumlich is also president-elect of the American Geophysical Union.
• Dr. , the Joseph W. Eschbach Endowed Chair in Kidney Research and co-director of the , 鈥渇or pioneering contributions and outstanding achievements in the development of the novel wearable artificial kidney, as well as numerous investigator-initiated clinical trials and multi-center collaborative studies.鈥�
• , professor of environmental chemistry and chair of the Physical Sciences Division at 91爆料 Bothell, 鈥渇or leadership in monitoring and understanding the global transport of atmospheric pollutants from energy production, wildfire, and other sources, as well as science communication and service that has informed citizens and enhanced public policy.鈥�
• , professor and chair of psychology, 鈥渇or contributions demonstrating how psychological science can inform long-standing issues about racial and gender discrimination鈥� and 鈥渇or research that has deep and penetrating implications for the law and societal efforts to remedy social inequities with evidence-based programs and actions.鈥�
• , the Leon C. Johnson Professor of Chemistry, member faculty at the and chair of the Department of Chemistry, 鈥渇or developing new spectroscopy tools for measuring energy flow in molecules and materials with high spatial and temporal resolution.鈥�
• , professor of astronomy, 鈥渇or founding the and leading the decades-long development of the interdisciplinary modeling framework and community needed to establish the science of exoplanet astrobiology鈥� and 鈥渇or training the next generation of interdisciplinary scientists who will search for life beyond Earth.鈥�
• , professor and chair of aeronautics and astronautics, 鈥渇or leadership and significant advances in nonlinear methods for integrated sensing and control in engineered, bioinspired and biological flight systems鈥� and 鈥渇or leadership in cross-disciplinary aerospace workforce development.鈥�
• , associate professor of chemistry and member faculty with the Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, 鈥渇or exceptional contributions to the development of synthetic polymers and nanomaterials for self-assembly and advanced manufacturing with application in sustainability, medicine and microelectronics.鈥�
• Dr. , Associate Dean of Medical Technology Innovation in the College of Engineering and the School of Medicine, the Graham and Brenda Siddall Endowed Chair in Cornea Research, and medical director of the 91爆料 Eye Institute, 鈥渇or developing and providing first class clinical treatment of severe corneal blindness to hundreds of people, for establishing the world premier artificial cornea program in Washington, and for leading collaborative research to translate innovative engineering technologies into creative clinical solution.鈥�
• Dr. , professor of medicine and director of the , 鈥渇or global recognition as an authority on drug and vaccine development for viral and parasitic diseases through work as an infectious disease physician and immunologist.鈥�
• Dr. , professor of pediatrics and of anesthesiology and pain medicine, and director of the , 鈥渇or outstanding leadership in pediatric anesthesiology and in the care of children with traumatic brain injury鈥� and 鈥渇or internationally recognized expertise in traumatic brain injury and direction of the Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center for the last decade as an exceptional mentor and visionary leader.鈥�

91爆料 members who will join the Washington State Academy of Sciences by virtue of their election to one of the National Academies are:

• , professor of biostatistics, 鈥渇or the development of novel statistical models for longitudinal data to better diagnose disease, track its trajectory, and predict its outcomes鈥� and 鈥渇or revolutionizing how dynamic predictors are judged by their discrimination and calibration and has significantly advanced methods for randomized controlled trials.鈥� Heagerty was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2021.
• , the Bill and Melinda Gates Chair in Computer Science and Engineering, 鈥渇or foundational contributions to the mathematics of computer systems and of the internet, as well as to the design and probabilistic analysis of algorithms, especially on-line algorithms, and algorithmic mechanism design and game theory.鈥� Karlin was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2021.
• , professor emeritus of applied mathematics and data science fellow at the , 鈥渇or inventing key algorithms for hyperbolic conservation laws and transforming them into powerful numerical technologies鈥� and 鈥渇or creating the Clawpack package, which underpins a wide range of application codes in everyday use, such as for hazard assessment due to tsunamis and other geophysical phenomena.鈥� LeVeque was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2021.
• , the Benjamin D. Hall Endowed Chair in Basic Life Sciences and an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 鈥渇or advancing our physical understanding of cell motility and growth in animals and bacteria鈥� and 鈥渇or discovering how the pathogen Listeria uses actin polymerization to move inside human cells, how crawling animal cells coordinate actomyosin dynamics and the mechanical basis of size control and daughter cell separation in bacteria.鈥� Theriot was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2021.
• , professor and chair of biological structure, 鈥渇or elucidating cellular transformations through which neurons pattern their dendrites, and the interplay of activity-dependent and -independent mechanisms leading to assembly of stereotyped circuits鈥� and 鈥渇or revelations regarding the fundamental principles of neuronal development through the application of an elegant combination of in vivo imaging, physiology, ultrastructure and genetics to the vertebrate retina.鈥� Wong was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2021.

New members to the Washington State Academy of Sciences are scheduled to be inducted at a meeting in September.

The planet will warm by about 3 degrees Celsius (5.4 degrees Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels by the end of the century if the U.S. and other nations meet only their current commitments under the Paris climate agreement to reduce emissions of heat-trapping gases. According to a paper by U.S. and U.K. scientists , accelerating ambition to reduce global warming emissions to meet the Paris Agreement鈥檚 goal of limiting temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius could prevent thousands of extreme heat-related deaths in cities across the U.S.

This first-of-its-kind study 鈥� led by of the University of Bristol in the U.K. and co-authored by a team of researchers, including , professor and researcher at the 91爆料鈥檚 School of Public Health, and , director of science and policy and chief climate scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists 鈥� examines the impact on mortality rates of projected high temperatures associated with extreme heat expected to occur once every 30 years on average in 15 U.S. cities: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, Phoenix, San Francisco, Seattle, St. Louis and Washington, D.C.

鈥淐limate change is not only affecting faraway places but also the United States,鈥� said Lo. 鈥淎s temperatures rise, exposure of major U.S. cities to extreme heat will increase and more heat-related deaths will occur. The United States has emitted the largest amount of carbon dioxide in the world since the 18th听century. Immediate and drastic emissions cuts are key to preventing large increases in heat-related deaths in the country.鈥�

Climate change is already increasing the severity of extreme heat. If global temperature increases reach 3 degrees Celsius, these cities would experience more severe heat waves than if temperature rise is limited to 1.5 or 2 degrees Celsius. The study used the different high temperatures projected under three warming scenarios for 1-in-30-year events in each city.

At 3 degrees Celsius, there would be between about 330 and 5,800 heat-related deaths per city for each 1-in-30-year event, with cities like Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York and Philadelphia facing the highest number of fatalities. Limiting global temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius avoids between about 70 and 1,980 extreme heat-related deaths per city. Even more heat related deaths 鈥� between about 110 and 2,720 鈥� can be avoided by achieving the 1.5 degrees Celsius threshold.

To view a spreadsheet highlighting the main findings for each U.S. city, .

for a graphic displaying the overall findings per city or for the per capita findings graphic.

鈥淭his study shows that taking urgent action to reduce carbon pollution will save lives in cities across the United States,鈥� said Frumhoff. 鈥淭he government also has an obligation to help communities prepare for life in a world that鈥檚 heating up. This could include making air conditioning more available especially to those with low or fixed incomes, strengthening our health care system, and increasing awareness of heat-related health risks.鈥�

鈥淎ll heat-related deaths are potentially preventable,鈥� said Ebi. 鈥淲e need urgent investment in heat wave early warning and response systems and other options to protect the most vulnerable as temperatures continue to rise. Older adults, children and outdoor workers are among those populations particularly susceptible to higher temperatures. In the long term, urban planning must prioritize design changes that decrease urban heat islands and ensure our infrastructure is prepared for unprecedented temperatures.鈥�

The numbers of avoided heat-related deaths in the analysis may be a conservative estimate, as they rely on current population data. Therefore, they cannot account for an aging population, increases in urbanization, exacerbation of the urban heat island effect, or other demographic factors that could change and contribute to added heat vulnerability.

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For more information, contact Ebi at krisebi@uw.edu or 206-543-8440.

The first volume of the fourth assessment, released in 2017, looked at the physical science underlying the report. , a research scientist at the 91爆料 Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean, was an author on chapter two, “,” that provides an overview and update of the first volume. The rest of the second volume, released Nov. 23, focuses on impacts, risks and adaptation across the United States.

, a 91爆料 professor of both global health and environmental and occupational health sciences, was a lead author of the chapter on . This chapter looked at human health effects from exposure to heatwaves, floods, droughts and other extreme events; infectious diseases; changes in our food and water; and mental health and well-being. The chapter also assessed the health co-benefits of various mitigation policies that address climate change.

Previous versions of the climate assessments considered various impacts, such as from extreme weather events or for public health, separately, Ebi told . The new report, she said, includes regional chapters that consider the interconnected and often compounding risks within the Northwest and other regions.

Two researchers at the School of Environmental and Forest Sciences contributed to the new assessment’s chapter on . Professor was one of two coordinating lead authors, and research scientist was a technical contributor. The chapter looked at how extreme weather, including droughts, will make wildfires more frequent and intense nationally and in specific regions of the U.S. It also describes how climate change will affect other ecological disturbances, such as insects. The authors find that many options exist to reduce the largely negative effects of climate change, and list how federal agencies and other entities are already implementing adaptation measures across the United States.

The national assessment includes 10 chapters that focus on impacts, risks and adaptation in specific regions. The ‘s former deputy director, Joe Casola, was an author on the . (Amy Snover, director of the Climate Impacts Group, was a lead author in 2014 of the ). The new report emphasizes many of the same impacts on water, coasts, forests and agriculture in the Northwest. The Northwest region has warmed almost 2.0 degrees Fahrenheit since 1900, with a portion of the warming directly linked to human-caused climate change. The authors use 2015, a year characterized by record-breaking warm and dry conditions, to explore how climate change will be experienced in the Northwest region. This chapter, and the larger national assessment, emphasizes how climate change will disproportionately affect poor and disadvantaged people and Indigenous communities.

, an assistant professor of environmental and forest sciences and of civil and environmental engineering, contributed to the second , also released Nov. 23, for the first time in conjunction with the national climate assessment. This report each decade summarizes carbon-cycle science, or how increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels moves through the Earth system across North America. Butman was the lead author of the chapter focused on and a contributing author to the second chapter on of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide. , an assistant professor at 91爆料 Bothell, contributed to the carbon cycle report’s chapter on .

, a research scientist in the Polar Science Center at the 91爆料 Applied Physics Laboratory, was a contributor to the Fourth National Climate Assessment’s regional chapter focused on . Former 91爆料 research scientist , now a faculty member at the University of Connecticut, was an author on the climate assessment’s chapter on .

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For more information, contact Ebi at krisebi@uw.edu, Peterson at wild@uw.edu, Heidi Roop at the Climate Impacts Group at hroop@uw.edu and Butman at dbutman@uw.edu.

, a 91爆料 professor of global health and of environmental and occupational health sciences, was a lead author on the document approved Oct. 8. The IPCC “,” compares the effects of 1.5 versus 2 degrees Celsius global warming, the possible consequences of those temperature shifts for human and natural systems, and the changes needed to meet those two targets.

Ebi was in Incheon, Korea, until Tuesday for the official approval of the document. She noted this was the first report for which the world governments asked the IPCC authors to address a specific topic. Officials from about 140 nations participated in the approval session, going through the report line by line to ensure the was not only scientifically accurate, but also that the statements would be clear and useful for policymakers.

“All countries were engaged in the process, working together with scientists to co-produce a document they can use within their countries to inform policies,” Ebi said.

Representatives from the U.S. government constructively engaged in the discussions. President Trump鈥檚 administration signed plans to withdraw from the agreement, but the withdrawal process takes several years.

“Climate change is already affecting people, ecosystems and livelihoods around the world,” Ebi said. “It is generally the poor and disadvantaged who are most affected.”

Keeping temperatures within 1.5 C or even 2 C of preindustrial levels would require phasing out technology that burns coal or gasoline while also developing technologies that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

“Limiting warming to 1.5 C above preindustrial levels is possible 鈥� and would require unprecedented transitions,” Ebi said. “At the same time, many of the actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions would benefit human health now. And the size of those health benefits is projected to offset most, if not all, of the costs of mitigation.”

Ebi is one of who will contribute to the IPCC 6^th Assessment Report on the state of global understanding and preparedness for climate change. The three reports in the assessment will be published in 2020/2021, with a summary available by early 2022.

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For more information, contact Ebi at krisebi@uw.edu or 206-543-8440.